The small dark spots on the surface of the sun may seem insignificant, but in reality, they are massive entities. The size of a small sunspot is about 1,000 kilometers, while large sunspots can reach up to 200,000 kilometers in diameter, which is large enough to accommodate dozens of Earths.
According to "conventional wisdom", the more sunspots there are, the dimmer the sun will appear. However, after long-term observation, astronomers have found that the opposite is true: the more sunspots there are, the brighter the sun actually becomes. This phenomenon occurs during the peak year of solar activity, when the number of sunspots is at its highest.
How can we explain this "abnormal" phenomenon of the sun's brightness? It turns out that when a large number of sunspots appear, many flares that are much brighter than the photosphere often occur near the sunspots and other parts of the sun's surface. Their brightness is more than enough to compensate for the dimming caused by the sunspots, so the overall brightness of the sun actually becomes brighter when the number of sunspots increases.