Botany

Focusing on the theme of "Why should plants have scientific names", this paper introduces the confusion of plant common names with multiple names and multiple names due to factors such as geographical isolation and changes of the times, and explains the relevant provisions of the International Plant Naming Code formulated to solve this problem, as well as the dual-name naming rules and specific requirements for plant scientific names.

This paper focuses on the reasons why bryophytes are commonly used as indicator plants in ecosystems. Due to the structural characteristics of bryophytes that their leaves are mostly single layer or a few layers of cells and their stems and leaves are not protected by waxy cuticle, their sensitivity to environmental changes can reach 10 times that of seed plants. They can quickly sense air pollution. In addition, they are easy to obtain materials and simple and economical. Pollution grading maps can also be drawn by investigating their types and growth conditions to reflect the degree and scope of air pollution. Therefore, it is widely used as an indicator plant of environmental changes.

This paper focuses on the problem of low growth of bryophytes. First, it introduces the characteristics of bryophytes that are short, widely distributed, common but receive little attention. Then, by comparing them with plants with vascular bundles, it explains that bryophytes cannot synthesize lignin to form vascular bundles., lack of a long-distance water transport system, and can only rely on stems and leaves to absorb water and nutrients from the outside world, so they are generally only 1 - 10 cm tall.

Focusing on the question of "Why are there many 'eggs'on the back of the leaves of ferns?" This paper introduces the basic attributes and evolutionary status of ferns, explains that the egg-like structure on the back of the leaves is actually the sporangia group of ferns, explains the principle of ferns relying on spores to reproduce, and lists the diverse forms of sporangia group of different types of ferns.

This article focuses on the answer to the question of "Is Cordyceps sinensis grass or insect?", explaining that Cordyceps sinensis is neither insect nor grass. It is an insect and fungus combination formed by fungi belonging to the genus Cordyceps parasitizing in the larvae of Happerus moth. It also introduces the formation process and cycle life history of Cordyceps sinensis.

Focusing on the question of "Are the brighter the mushrooms, the more poisonous they are?" This article introduces the types of mushrooms and the difficulty of identification, clarifies the erroneous perception that "the brighter the mushrooms, the more toxic the mushrooms are", and describes the empirical identification method of poisonous mushrooms, edible mushrooms. Safety guidelines, as well as the toxicity of different types of poisonous mushrooms and the various harms to the human body after being eaten by mistake.

This article focuses on the question of why the unattractive hidden flowers attract fig wasps. Scientists analyzed the volatiles from the hidden head of fig and the behavioral response of fig wasps to the volatiles, and found that fig wasps achieved exclusive attraction to pollinating fig wasps by releasing a single uncommon volatile compound, thus establishing a specific symbiotic relationship between the two, and taking the research results related to dioecious chicken crops as an example to support this conclusion. At the same time, it is pointed out that whether similar phenomena exist among other species still require more exploration and discovery.

This paper focuses on the reproduction of dioecious cryptogammes. Taking fig and fig wasps as examples, we introduce the one-to-one exclusive mutualism relationship formed by the two through long-term co-evolution, and the fig wasps rely on fig wasps to complete pollination and reproduction. Specific mechanism

This paper focuses on what is the "generation alternation" of plants. Taking Ulva lactata as an example, it explains the process and definition of plant generation alternation, introduces the classification and evolutionary characteristics of homogeneous generation alternation and heterotypic generation alternation, and explains that the generation alternation after plants land. Along the direction of more and more developed sporophytes becoming more and more simplified.

Focusing on the question of "Who was the earliest plant to" swim ashore ", this paper introduces the evolution process of the earliest naked fern plant that landed on the land from shallow algae, its history of dominating the land, its morphological and structural characteristics, the importance of landing, and the subsequent evolution and development and the existing surviving descendants.

This paper focuses on the question of who the ancestors of bryophytes are. Due to the lack of reliable fossil evidence, scientists can only speculate on their origin based on the body structure of bryophytes. They mainly form two hypotheses: the direct evolution of algae and the degeneration of the primitive fern naked ferns. It also points out that bryophytes are blind branches in plant evolution, and their evolutionary direction runs counter to that of other higher plants.

Focusing on the question of "Can modern ferns still evolve into seed plants?" This paper expounds the basic laws of biological evolution on earth and the one-way irreversible nature of evolution, and combines the changes in the organ structure of modern ferns and the current natural conditions and the period of emergence of seed plants. Differences, it is concluded that modern ferns cannot evolve into seed plants.