Oceanography

This article focuses on the question of whether there was an ocean on Mars, pointing out that in the early days of Mars, it was very likely that there was an ocean covering most of the surface. Later, due to low gravity and ionization of solar radiation, the ocean disappeared quickly. Now Mars is only at the poles, Solid water exists in a few volcanic craters and near-surface permafrost, and liquid water may exist in the deep crust 2 to 3 kilometers below the surface. Finding liquid water is a prerequisite for finding life on Mars.

Focusing on the question of "Is there only an ocean on the earth?" This paper introduces the composition and source of water, the formation and evolution of the earth's original ocean, expounds the changes in human cognition of the extraterrestrial ocean, and points out that the existence of water in the solar system is quite common. There are oceans larger than the earth outside the earth, and humans have detected the existence of planets with oceans outside the solar system. In the future, it may be possible to find out whether there is life on this planet.

This article answers the question of why the cold Arctic Ocean is called the "golden fishery" and introduces the basic characteristics of the Arctic Ocean as the smallest, shallowest and coldest ocean. It has low water temperatures and large areas of ice sheets and ice floes that do not melt all year round. It explains that although its environment is cold, the rich nutrients brought by the North Atlantic Warm Stream will promote the growth of plankton and provide sufficient food for fish, making the number of fish in the Arctic Ocean small but huge. It also introduced the situation of the Barents Sea, which is famous for producing fish in the Arctic Ocean, and the characteristics of some fish that have evolved antifreeze proteins to adapt to low temperature environments

Focusing on the question of "Is the Pacific Ocean really peaceful", this paper introduces the origin of the Pacific Ocean's name because the sea surface was calm when the Magellan fleet passed through the equatorial windless zone, and the relevant knowledge that most of the Pacific Ocean is not peaceful due to the influence of trade wind belts, westerly belts, polar easterly belts and typhoons.

With the theme of "Why is the ocean so deep", this paper introduces the differences in the distribution of the total amount of earth's water resources, sea and land elevations and depth. It explains the ocean depth through the differences in composition, density, thickness and balanced compensation between the oceanic crust and the continental crust. The cause of the formation of the trench, the basic situation of the Mariana Trench and the discoveries of deep-sea surveys

Focusing on the question of "whether the earth is high or the water is deep", this paper introduces the development history of ocean sounding technology. Through comparing multiple sets of relevant data of ocean depth and land altitude, it is concluded that the ocean depth is deeper than the mountain height.

Focusing on the question of whether it is a coincidence that the contours of the west coastline of Africa and the east coastline of South America are very similar, this paper introduces the background and process of Wigner's proposal of continental drift, as well as the subsequent development of the theory of seabed spreading and plate tectonics, and uses plate tectonics to explain the reason why the coasts of the two continents coincide with each other

This article answers the question "Is the Mediterranean Sea the same as the ancient Mediterranean Sea?" and points out that the two are not exactly the same. The ancient Mediterranean Sea, also known as the Tethys Sea, was a vast sea area between the ancient land of Laua and the ancient land of Gondwana during the Pangaea period. Later, it was gradually disappeared after the Indian plate moved northward and collided with the Eurasian plate. Today's Mediterranean Sea is a remnant of its long-term evolution. At the same time, it introduced the history of the Mediterranean Sea drying up 6 million years ago and the speculation that it may dry up again in the future due to the shallowness of the Strait of Gibraltar.

Focusing on the question of "how were the five oceans separated", this paper first introduces the ancient myth of Pangu's creation of the world, explains the proportion and distribution characteristics of the earth's land and sea area, and then expounds in detail the process of Pangu's disintegration and drift through three stages, and finally forms the basic pattern of seven continents and five oceans through the continental drift theory proposed by Wigner.

Focusing on the question of "how big is the ocean", this paper introduces the coverage ratio, area, average depth, total volume and other data of the ocean, explains the composition and proportion of the earth's water resources, and introduces the division of the world's five oceans and their respective basic conditions. At the same time, it points out the characteristics of uneven distribution of ocean and land in the northern and southern hemispheres.

Focusing on the question of "the sea is the ocean, and the ocean is the sea", this paper points out that the sea and the ocean, except for a few inner and overseas, are mostly connected to each other but not the same concept. Geographers divide them based on their connection with the land, and respectively explain the differences between the ocean and the sea in terms of area, depth, hydrological characteristics, etc., as well as the number and classification of Shanghai in the world.

Focusing on the birth of the ocean, this paper introduces the possible sources of the earth's water resources, the formation process and characteristics of the original ocean, and the gradual evolution of the ocean into its current appearance through geochemical cycles and plate movements.